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Withania somnifera
Tradition of Use: Ayurveda, Western adaptation
70+ case reports of liver injury. Risk higher with leaf-based extracts, adulterated products, concurrent hepatotoxic medications, or pre-existing liver conditions. Root-only extracts from reputable sources (KSM-66, Sensoril) show strong safety in clinical trials (191 participants, 12 months, no liver effects).
Use root-only extracts from reputable brands (KSM-66, Sensoril). Limit initial course to 3 months. Monitor liver enzymes if risk factors present. Avoid if pre-existing liver disease or concurrent hepatotoxic medications.
Adaptogenic via withanolides, modulates cortisol and HPA axis, GABAergic, anti-inflammatory
Capsule, powder (milk decoction), tincture
300-600mg extract 2x daily or 3-6g powder in warm milk
Withanolides, sitoindosides, alkaloids
May interact with sedatives, thyroid hormones, immunosuppressants
Pregnancy; hyperthyroidism; autoimmune conditions; nightshade allergy
Evidence Level:
Strong - well-researched adaptogen
Clinical Notes:
Indian ginseng; reduces cortisol; improves sleep; anxiolytic; powder in milk traditional
Supports thyroid hormone production and helps regulate metabolism and energy
Supports adrenal recovery and helps the body manage stress hormones
Supports adrenal function and hormone production
Calms stress response and reduces PTSD symptoms
Supports thyroid function and hormone production
Supports adrenal function and stress response
Helps regulate cortisol and stress hormones
Ashwagandha reduces cortisol and anxiety
BUT: can cause drowsiness—take before bed
Ashwagandha supports thyroid function
BUT: may overstimulate in hyperthyroidism
KSM-66 extract is most studied
BUT: full-spectrum root has traditional use
Ashwagandha improves testosterone
BUT: pregnant women should avoid it
This information is for educational purposes. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before starting any herbal protocol or supplement regimen.
Curcuma longa
Anti-inflammatory via curcumin (COX/LOX inhibition), antioxidant, neuroprotective, anticancer
Curcuma longa
Same as Turmeric (AY003) - anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective
Terminalia arjuna
Cardiotonic, inotropic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, hypolipidemic